Tuesday, December 11, 2012

Should your kid go to college (part 1)?

Rand University, Johannesburg, South Africa - my college after high school


No. First read "8 Alternatives to College" on the blog - The Altucher Confidential - and then bookmark the blog so that you will be able to enjoy sound advice, shared with common sense and logic derived from experience, as often as you'd like.

Now… here’s my take on a U.S. (insert your country here) college education:

1.     Colleges feature resort-style facilities at prices similar to luxury beach resorts – send your kid to a beach resort in Dominican Republic; it will cost the same, but she will have more fun, and it will be more educational
2.     The college experience is mostly ‘party-time’ for young kids, depriving them of quality learning, independent thinking and general life experience
3.     The lost ‘opportunity cost’ of attending college can be measured in more than just money (see # 2 above, and # 4 below)
4.     The product does not match either the aspirational value, usefulness, or cost of the goods sold, especially when measured in $ return on investment, or ROI
5.     In the past students were at least taught a sense of entitlement based on learning, future earnings, etc.  Today, that value proposition is also gone
6.     Colleges stifle young creativity (at a peak during early years). Innovation and new ideas – during a time of abundant availability – are sacrificed, focusing instead on ‘book knowledge’ about historical events, thoughts and philosophies
7.   Colleges support the teaching of risk avoidance and mitigation (“you need to graduate to get a good job”).  Young people have greater risk tolerance.  The older we get, the more risk averse we become

Let’s revisit point # 4 above:

Q: What can one buy for $150,000 (i.e. the average cost of a 4-year degree in the US)? 

How about a year spent teaching English to kids in Japan, a turnkey retail business (e.g. the entry cost of a Subway franchise is about $100,000), and about $40,000 in cash ‘left over’ to fund the first few months of business expenses, if required.

The difference in ROI is not only significant, but also material in terms of breaking the mold young people are coerced into.  The mantra: “get an education, in order to get a job, in order to qualify for a lifetime of middle-class debt” vs. self-employment and – more importantly – sustainable, debt-free, self-sufficiency!

As a small business owner, you will generate an income for yourself and other people.  You will employ people who graduated with student debt, like an accountant.  You will have equity and you will start creating wealth on day one – creating assets with value.  These assets can be sold, allowing you to buy another business; or leveraged, allowing you to expand your existing business, open a second store, etc.

Some of your kid’s high school friends, who went to college, will likely ask your self-employed child for work.  She will be unlikely to hire these grads, because they are unlikely to offer any value to the business commensurate with their sense of entitlement, drilled into them at home, and at school!

Sunday, December 9, 2012

What are financial instruments?

Examples of financial Instruments
In a previous blog titled "what is an ETF", we had opened a discussion about one particular financial instrument.  In this post, we'll briefly explore some other, relatively common financial instruments.

Financial instruments are, generally speaking, divided into two categories. The value of cash instruments are determined by the market. 

This grey, amorphous mass referred to as the market, is governed by supply and demand, as people buy and sell (or trade) various financial instruments.  

Cash instruments can further be divided into securities and other securities, like loans and deposits.

Derivative instruments simply imply that that value of the instrument is derived from something else. Most commonly, the value of the derivative is derived from the value and characteristics of another entity, like an asset, interest rate or index.  Derivatives can further be divided into exchange-traded derivatives and over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, describing how they are traded.

The descriptions above may sound overly complicated, but are not really that complex.  However, trading in many of these different instruments are often very complex, especially for a novice investor!

If you don't fully understand what you may be wanting to trade or invest in, please be sure to contact a professional financial advisor!

Let's explore a few simple, and relatively common examples of the 4 financial instruments described above:
  1. Securities include bonds, stocks and T-Bills (or Treasury Bills). Securities can also include commercial paper, also called promissory notes. Bonds, much like T-Bills and commercial paper, are instrument of indebtedness by the bond issuer to the bond holders. These are therefore called debt securities.  Stock on an incorporated business, on the other hand, constitutes an equity stake.
  2. Other securities are generally limited to loans, deposits, certificates of deposit, and FX-spot (foreign exchange) rates. Although the latter may be a term people are least familiar with, the Triennial Central Bank reported (in 2011) that as of 2010, the average daily turnover of global FX spot transactions reached nearly US$1.5 trillion!
  3. Exchange-traded securities include bond, stock, equity and currency futures.  Futures simply imply that parties agree to buy or sell a specified asset for a price agreed upon today (the strike price) with delivery & payment occurring at a future date (the delivery date).
  4. OTC derivatives are similar to exchange-traded securities, but also include interest rate and currency swaps, caps & floors and options.
You may have heard of a call and put:  This is financial jargon for a buy or a sell.  A simple way to help you remember that call = buy and put = sale, is to think: "I will call my broker to buy something, but I will put something up for sale".

I will offer some more discussion on stock options (and similar/other exchange-traded securities as our readership grows, and based on reader requests for more information.  Some derivatives, like stock option and restricted stock awards, are commonly used as an integral part of executive compensation plans, and we'll discuss these instruments in later postings as well.